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The Pelton turbine is an impulse-type water turbine, meaning it harnesses energy from water jets moving at high velocity. Unlike reaction turbines, which operate with water both pressurized and in motion, the Pelton turbine operates solely on the kinetic energy of water. This design makes it exceptionally well-suited for environments where water pressure is high but flow volume is low.
Designed specifically for high-head applications, the Pelton turbine excels in situations where water falls from great heights. The turbine is commonly used in mountainous regions or areas with steep waterfalls, where the natural landscape provides the necessary conditions for generating significant amounts of energy. It is particularly effective in hydroelectric power plants where the height of the water source exceeds 150 meters (500 feet).
A distinctive feature of the Pelton turbine is its spoon-shaped buckets, which are uniquely split down the middle. This design allows the water jet to hit the bucket and be divided into two streams, which then exit in opposite directions. By redirecting the water’s flow without causing significant turbulence, this design maximizes the energy transfer from the water to the turbine’s rotor, improving overall efficiency.
One of the key advantages of the Pelton turbine is its ability to convert nearly all of the kinetic energy from the water into mechanical energy. The high efficiency of this energy conversion process makes the Pelton turbine one of the most effective means of harnessing hydropower, with operational efficiencies often exceeding 90%. This efficiency translates directly into greater electricity generation from the same water source.
Pelton turbines are renowned for their durability and robustness. Built to withstand the intense forces generated by high-velocity water jets, these turbines feature materials and construction techniques that ensure long service life even under demanding conditions. The durable nature of the Pelton turbine means that it can continue operating effectively for decades with minimal wear and tear.
The Pelton turbine can be configured with multiple nozzles, or jets, that direct water onto the turbine’s buckets. This multi-jet capability allows the turbine to handle variations in water flow more effectively. By adjusting the number of active jets, the turbine can maintain optimal performance across a range of operating conditions, ensuring reliable energy generation even when water availability fluctuates.
Despite its ability to generate large amounts of power, the Pelton turbine has a relatively compact design. This makes it an ideal choice for power plants that have space constraints, as it can be installed in smaller facilities without compromising on performance. The compact nature of the turbine also makes it easier to transport and install in remote or hard-to-reach locations.
The Pelton turbine’s simple yet effective design results in low maintenance requirements. The turbine’s sturdy components are less prone to damage, reducing the frequency of repairs and downtime. This not only lowers operational costs but also increases the turbine’s overall reliability. As a result, the Pelton turbine is a cost-effective solution for long-term energy generation.
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CV. PROTEL MULTI ENERGY (PME) manufactures and supplies complete micro hydro power equipment.
Specializing in Crossflow and Pelton turbines with capacities up to 500 kW per unit.
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